 | | Mechanics of Solids
A Journal of Russian Academy of Sciences | | Founded
in January 1966
Issued 6 times a year
Print ISSN 0025-6544
Online ISSN 1934-7936 |
Archive of Issues
| Total articles in the database: | | 13554 |
| In Russian (Èçâ. ÐÀÍ. ÌÒÒ): | | 8194
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| In English (Mech. Solids): | | 5360 |
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| << Previous article | Volume 60, Issue 7 / 2025 | Next article >> |
| Dadhish Kumar and Vikas Goyat, "Modelling and Optimization of Functionally Graded Material Layer around U Notches," Mech. Solids. 60 (7), 6445-6465 (2025) |
| Year |
2025 |
Volume |
60 |
Number |
7 |
Pages |
6445-6465 |
| DOI |
10.1134/S002565442560480X |
| Title |
Modelling and Optimization of Functionally Graded Material Layer around U Notches |
| Author(s) |
Dadhish Kumar (Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Technology, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Delhi-NCR Campus, Modinagar, Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, 201204 India, dadhish@gmail.com)
Vikas Goyat (Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Technology, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Delhi-NCR Campus, Modinagar, Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, 201204 India, viky.goyat@gmail.com) |
| Abstract |
The aim of this work is to model a functionally graded material layer (FGML) around U notches and to observe the effect of the FGML on stress distribution as well as the stress concentration factor (SCF) under far field tensile and in plane bending loads. The FGML is also optimized to obtain the minimum SCF near U notches. The Extended Finite Element Method (XFEM) is used for numerical analysis. XFEM offers advantages for modeling notches such as U notches efficiently, due to its nonconformal mesh and level set function based geometric and FGM layer description. A comparison between U shaped and elliptical shaped FGMLs is presented and it is found that the U shaped FGML yields slightly lower SCF values with the difference being more noticeable for sharper U notches. The UFGML is then optimized for FGM parameters over a range of notch sharpness (l/r) from 1 to 5 and normalized notch length (2l/W) from 0.05 to 0.5. The interaction effect of FGMLs is observed at higher notch lengths and low notch sharpness causing increased stress at the interface and leading to higher SCF. The FGM parameters are also tailored to reduce this interaction effect. The SCF around U notches can be significantly reduced by applying a linear UFGML with FGM thickness 1 and 1.5 times for in-plane bending and uniaxial tensile loading, respectively. A smaller power law coefficient for tensile loading and a thinner FGML for bending can be used to reduce or avoid the interaction effects of FGMLs. |
| Keywords |
functionally graded material layer (FGML), U notch, stress concentration factor (SCF), extended finite element method (XFEM) |
| Received |
04 September 2025 | Revised |
09 November 2025 | Accepted |
09 November 2025 |
| Link to Fulltext |
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