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| V. V. Partsevskii, "Delaminations in polymeric composites: a review," Mech. Solids. 38 (5), 50-78 (2003) |
| Year |
2003 |
Volume |
38 |
Number |
5 |
Pages |
50-78 |
| Title |
Delaminations in polymeric composites: a review |
| Author(s) |
V. V. Partsevskii (Moscow) |
| Abstract |
Fiber-reinforced composites are designed primarily for structural members that bear uniaxial tensile loads. However, the advantages of the fiber-reinforced composites over the traditional structural materials (such as high specific strength and stiffness along the fibers, manufacturability, isolation and damping properties, radiation transparency, and corrosion resistance) have given rise to a tendency to utilize these materials in rod elements that work in compression and bending and may have simple or complex geometry, as well as in plates, shells, and even massive bodies [2, 3, 28]. To enable these elements to resist various external loads, one has had to create multi-directional fiber-reinforced structures with variable properties.
Fiber-reinforced composites based on polymeric matrices (for example glass, carbon, or boron fiber-reinforced materials) are characterized by strong anisotropy of physical and mechanical properties of separate unidirectional layers, the degree of the strength anisotropy being substantially higher than that of the stiffness anisotropy [28, 35]. In addition, in multi-directional laminates, the deformation of a layer in the direction transverse to the fibers is constrained, due to which the fracture of the layer subjected to tension or shear is virtually brittle. This is especially the case for the interlaminar delamination fracture.
The aforementioned properties of laminated polymeric composites determine the character of fracture of these materials. In the mechanics of fracture of polymer-based laminated composites, one conventionally distinguishes among the following basic fracture mechanisms: fracture of fibers in a separate layer, interlaminar fracture along the matrix or the fiber/matrix interface (as a rule, over the entire thickness of the layer), delamination, and micro- and macro-buckling. See [16, 30, 39, 41, 64, 78, 80, 82, 85]. Real fracture processes in composite structures usually occur with the development and interaction of various mechanisms, with some of these dominating at different stages [8, 21, 28, 41, 78, 80, 105, 152, 162, 206, 219].
Delamination is the most important among the fracture mechanisms listed above [10, 30, 78, 149, 152, 162], since the appearance of delaminations, as a rule, reduces the stiffness, stability, and strength of the structure, which in fact determines the durability and reliability of the structure. Theoretical and experimental studies of the statics and dynamics of delamination cracks are aimed at the improvement of the properties of the components of composites, perfection of the manufacture technology of materials and structures and their design (as a rule, these processes are concurrent), the development
of requirements for operating conditions and damage control equipment, prevention of sudden brittle fracture, and the evaluation of the survivability parameters.
The mechanics of delamination cracks in composites is substantially different from the classical mechanics of cracks. This is for that reason that composites are essentially heterogeneous systems that are anisotropic on all levels (laminate, layer, and fiber) and, as a rule, have less stable characteristics as compared with those of the conventional structural materials.
There are extremely many publications devoted to delaminations in composites. The present paper surveys mostly works for the last 10-15 years. This review can be regarded as an addendum to the reviews covering earlier results [8, 21, 28, 30, 31, 36, 39, 82, 105, 162, 183, 206]. |
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|
| Received |
31 March 2001 |
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