 | | Mechanics of Solids
A Journal of Russian Academy of Sciences | | Founded
in January 1966
Issued 6 times a year
Print ISSN 0025-6544
Online ISSN 1934-7936 |
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| "On the Occasion of Kh. A. Rakhmatulin Hundredth Birthday," Mech. Solids. 45 (1), 1-2 (2010) |
| Year |
2010 |
Volume |
45 |
Number |
1 |
Pages |
1-2 |
| DOI |
10.3103/S0025654410010012 |
| Title |
On the Occasion of Kh. A. Rakhmatulin Hundredth Birthday |
| Author(s) |
|
| Abstract |
The outstanding scientist, talented teacher and manager of science,
Academician of the Academy of Sciences of UzSSR, Professor Khalil
Akhmedovich Rakhmatulin (23.04.1909-10.01.1988) was the author
fundamental papers on mechanics containing profound ideas and
fruitful research methods. Many of them became starting points for
several outstanding studies of Soviet and foreign scientists in
problems of fluid flows, dynamics of elastoplastic media, and
motions of mutually penetrating (multicomponent) media.
Rakhmatulin's scientific, pedagogical, managerial, and social
activities were many-sided and extremely fruitful.
Rakhmatulin was born on April 23, 1909, in the city of Tokmak
(Kirgiz SSR). He had worked since the age of 10. In 1925, he
entered the Tashkent region pedagogical technical school; after
graduation, he worked there as a teacher and simultaneously
continued his education at the Faculty of Physics and Mathematics
at Central Asian State University. In 1931, Rakhmatulin, with the
personal help of People's Commissar of Education, President of the
Scientific Committee of the USSR Central Executive Committee,
Academician of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR
A. A. Lunacharskii, was transferred to the Faculty of Mechanics and
Mathematics at Moscow State University, and since then all his life
was inseparably linked with Moscow State University. In 1937, he
defended his Ph.D. thesis in high-speed aerodynamics and was
appointed Associate Professor at the Faculty of Mechanics and
Mathematics and Head of the Aerodynamical Laboratory. In 1943,
Rakhmatulin defended his D.Sc. thesis in physical-mathematical
sciences. In 1947, he was elected Full Member of the Academy of
Sciences of the UzSSR. In 1951, Rakhmatulin founded the Department
of Gas and Wave Dynamics at the Faculty of Mechanics and
Mathematics, and he chaired this department until the end of his
life.
Rakhmatulin made great contribution to origination and development
of several fields of continuum mechanics.
Rakhmatulin's papers on dynamics of nonlinear deformable media are
most known. It is with these problems that the survey published in
this issue deals.
Of the other directions of Rakhmatulin's investigations, we mention
the papers in the theory of flow past permeable bodies and the
theory of motion of multicomponent and multiphase media. The ideas,
methods, and results of these papers underlie the origination of
scientific schools, institutes, and laboratories, including those
at Moscow State University, where researchers perform successful
investigations in these modern topical problems of mechanics. The
branch institutes opened at that time actively collaborated with
the Chair of Gas and Wave Dynamics and applied the results of
Rakhmatulin's scientific studies in aerodynamics of permeable media
to devise various types of parachutes for soft landing of descent
space vehicles.
Rakhmatulin was the founder of the theory of interpenetrating
motion of multiphase media. He was the first to obtain a closed
system of equations of motion for the mixture of several
compressible phases, analyze the fundamental laws of wave
propagation, and lay the foundations of the theory of boundary
layer in a two-phase mixture. He first posed and solved the problem
on a supersonic flow of a gas containing solid and liquid
particles. The results obtained by Rakhmatulin in mechanics of
multiphase media found application in hydraulic engineering,
chemical technology, nuclear power engineering, theory of
combustion and explosion in heterogeneous media, and design of test
units of technology. One practical application was the work in
design of equipment for mixing hard-to-mix components, in
particular, in producing colored concrete. This work was awarded
the Prize of the USSR Council of Ministers.
Rakhmatulin, along with chairing the department, also worked in the
Central Scientific Research Institute of Engineering (TsNIIMASh),
which is the leading institute in Rocket and Space Industry. On his
initiative and with the help of Chief Designer S. P. Korolev, a
unique experimental base for studying aerodynamics of descent space
vehicles was established in TsNIIMASh.
The outstanding achievements of Academician Rakhmatulin were highly
appreciated: he was awarded the title "Hero of Socialist Labour,"
four Lenin Orders, Order or the Red Banner of Labour, the Badge of
Honour, and several medals. He was Honored Scientist of the RSFSR
and the UzSSR and winner of two USSR State Prises, two Prizes of
the USSR Council of Ministers, A. P. Biruni's State Prize of the
UzSSR, and M. V. Lomonosov's prize of the Russian Academy of
Sciences. |
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